{"id":4557,"date":"2025-09-10T10:19:11","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T03:19:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/?p=4557"},"modified":"2025-09-10T10:19:11","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T03:19:11","slug":"thiet-bi-hanh-hai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/thiet-bi-hanh-hai\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb H\u00e0nh h\u1ea3i tr\u00ean T\u00e0u Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

THI\u1ebeT B\u1eca H\u00c0NH H\u1ea2I – NAVIGATION<\/h2>\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea3i tr\u00ean t\u00e0u l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n khi di chuy\u1ec3n trong v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c khi g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, trong khi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. Danh m\u1ee5c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean t\u00e0u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V, Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh 19 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc SOLAS.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0u bu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n nay:<\/p>\n

1. La b\u00e0n t\u1eeb (Magnetic Compass)<\/b> L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i la b\u00e0n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Trong h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2. La b\u00e0n con quay (Gyro Compass)<\/b> L\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u00e0 t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con quay h\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 quay h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. La b\u00e0n con quay v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n la b\u00e0n t\u1eeb v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh: n\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra c\u1ef1c B\u1eafc th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t (c\u00f3 \u00edch h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i), trong khi la b\u00e0n t\u1eeb t\u00ecm ra c\u1ef1c B\u1eafc t\u1eeb. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra sai l\u1ec7ch trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o, sau \u0111\u00f3 con quay s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e0u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u1ec7 tinh (nh\u01b0 GPS) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh la b\u00e0n con quay t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin (ECDIS)<\/b> ECDIS<\/b> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 cho h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea5y. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean t\u00e0u nh\u01b0 GNSS (GPS), AIS, la b\u00e0n con quay, l\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, radar\/ARPA, NAVTEX, m\u00e1y \u0111o s\u00e2u h\u1ed3i \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd, ECDIS<\/b> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u, v\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i an to\u00e0n, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u0129 quan h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 nguy hi\u1ec3m, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u00e0u v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, ECDIS<\/b> gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh xung quanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0u s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

4. Radar<\/b> V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a radar, m\u1ecdi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau xung quanh t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n: t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n, ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n, b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i, v.v. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t \u0103ng-ten quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i. C\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i radar \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u: radar d\u1ea3i X v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i S. Radar d\u1ea3i X ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 10 GHz v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 3 cm (\u0103ng-ten nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc). V\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n, d\u1ea3i n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Radar d\u1ea3i S ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 3 GHz v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 10 cm (\u0103ng-ten l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m). D\u1ea3i n\u00e0y ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n d\u1ea3i X v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n trong m\u01b0a l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

5. ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid)<\/b> ARPA<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u radar v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng theo d\u00f5i cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u trong v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng radar c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ARPA<\/b> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

6. ATA (Automatic Tracking Aid)<\/b> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ARPA<\/b>, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ATA<\/b> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac radar. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p s\u0129 quan tr\u1ef1c ca l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng va ch\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n

7. L\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (Autopilot)<\/b> V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ra \u0111\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. L\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (\u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0u theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef l\u00e1i \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro va ch\u1ea1m. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a v\u1edbi la b\u00e0n con quay. N\u1ebfu la b\u00e0n con quay c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e1i t\u00e0u. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p la b\u00e0n con quay b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00e0u. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ECDIS<\/b>, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang \u0111i theo tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra tr\u00ean h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. L\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng khi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng trong v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

8. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (AIS)<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

AIS<\/span><\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn VHF (t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 161.975 MHz v\u00e0 162.025 MHz)<\/span>. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 va ch\u1ea1m t\u00e0u. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 radar, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i l\u1edbn g\u1ea7n t\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang,<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

AIS<\/b> cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m AIS ho\u1eb7c ECDIS<\/b>. C\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb AIS<\/b> ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

9. M\u00e1y thu GPS (GPS receiver)<\/b> Lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GPS (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec7 tinh. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 cho. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GPS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m t\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

10. Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o g\u00f3c b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i (Rudder Angle Indicator)<\/b> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i, tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i v\u00e0 trong ph\u00f2ng m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

11. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (Speed and Distance Log Device)<\/b> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u00e0u v\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

12. B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n GMDSS (GMDSS Console)<\/b> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (<\/span><\/p>\n

GMDSS<\/span><\/b>) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/span>. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ean t\u00e0u bao g\u1ed3m VHF, MF\/HF v\u1edbi DSC, Navtex, radiotelex, SART, EPIRB, Inmarsat-C<\/span>. B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

GMDSS<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi t\u00e0u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

13. M\u00e1y ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh (VDR – Voyage Data Recorder)<\/b> VDR<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9p \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u00eam trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean t\u00e0u. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong 12-24 gi\u1edd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

14. M\u00e1y \u0111o s\u00e2u h\u1ed3i \u00e2m (Echo Sounder)<\/b> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t xung \u00e2m thanh, xung n\u00e0y b\u1eadt ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

15. Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay m\u0169i t\u00e0u (Rate of Turn Indicator – ROTI)<\/b> ROTI<\/b> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 t\u00e0u quay \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c l\u00e1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean ph\u00fat. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ROTI<\/b>: k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 analog. Lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb analog l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, n\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean t\u00e0u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i analog. ROTI<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u00e0u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e1i\/l\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

16. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Theo d\u00f5i T\u1ea7m xa (LRIT – Long Range Identification and Tracking)<\/b> LRIT<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c IMO thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. N\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng an ninh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. Theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V, Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh 19.1 c\u1ee7a SOLAS, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng LRIT<\/b> trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • T\u00e0u kh\u00e1ch, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e0u kh\u00e1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e0u cao t\u1ed1c, t\u1eeb 300 t\u1ea5n t\u1ed5ng dung t\u00edch tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb khoan di \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    17. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i (BNWAS – Bridge Navigation Watch and Alarm System)<\/b><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    BNWAS<\/span><\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/span>. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee9 sau 3, 9 ho\u1eb7c 12 ph\u00fat cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n

    BNWAS<\/b> c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean t\u00e0u n\u1ebfu s\u0129 quan tr\u1ef1c ca kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 5 ph\u00fat l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u b\u1ecb b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng \u1ea5y x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    18. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu \u00e2m thanh (Sound Reception System)<\/b> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u00edn. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u0129 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00ean trong cabin nghe c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u, tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap s\u0129 quan gi\u1eef c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a COLREGs (C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Quy t\u1eafc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba Va ch\u1ea1m tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n).<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    19. C\u00f2i t\u00e0u (Ship Whistle)<\/b> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 typhon, c\u00f2i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2i s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9. C\u00f2i t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn k\u00e9m, giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, v.v. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean t\u00e0u. C\u00f2i t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    20. \u0110\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ban ng\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n ALDIS (Daylight Signalling Lamp, or ALDIS Lamp)<\/b> Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean t\u00e0u, \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb pin kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    21. \u0110\u00e8n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (Navigation Lights)<\/b> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u, c\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e8n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam ho\u1eb7c trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    22. C\u1edd hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (Maritime Signal Flags)<\/b> C\u1edd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, 4 ch\u1ee5c l\u00e1 c\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed7i l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng “B\/Bravo” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “T\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng nguy hi\u1ec3m”, trong khi m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i “L\/Lima” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “B\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u1eebng t\u00e0u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c”, v.v.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    LINK<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Video S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m :<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    DNV<\/a><\/div>\n
    ABS<\/a><\/div>\n
    NK<\/a><\/div>\n
    CCS<\/a><\/div>\n
    VR<\/a><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Tr\u1ef1c Canh Bu\u1ed3ng L\u00e1i BNWAS Hot 2025<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n