{"id":4529,"date":"2025-12-15T14:42:02","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T07:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/?p=4529"},"modified":"2025-12-18T11:32:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T04:32:58","slug":"gmdss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/gmdss\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m tra GMDSS: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh SOLAS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng An to\u00e0n H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GMDSS) l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin an to\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GMDSS \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. V\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o <b>GMDSS<\/b> th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/cabin.jpeg\" alt=\"&quot;Cabin\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>1. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GMDSS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 suy gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd pin, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0103ng-ten ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t EPIRB (Phao ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n LED b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u00e1o nguy do l\u1ed7i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn VHF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3m, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi b\u00e1o nguy kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n. Tin nh\u1eafn DSC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00edch. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p><b>2. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GMDSS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o <b>GMDSS<\/b> lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra GMDSS chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng:<\/b> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra GMDSS chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng DSC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u00ean t\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0 MRTS-7M, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb EPIRB, SART v\u00e0 AIS-SART, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn MF\/HF v\u00e0 VHF, NAVTEX, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p AIS, v.v.<\/li>\n<li><b>X\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn:<\/b> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn VHF, MF\/HF v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p AIS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec5u, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng DSC:<\/b> X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn b\u00e1o nguy v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a DSC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn VHF v\u00e0 MF\/HF. Ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 MMSI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi DSC.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t EPIRB v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u:<\/b> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 406 MHz, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 121.5 MHz, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c EPIRB hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, tin nh\u1eafn b\u00e1o nguy AIS. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng MMSI v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu NAVTEX:<\/b> Ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 thu NAVTEX c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 490 kHz v\u00e0 518 kHz. X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc tr\u1ea1m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn (m\u00e3 B1 v\u00e0 B2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng AIS:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p AIS Class A ho\u1eb7c Class B truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (s\u1ed1 MMSI, s\u1ed1 IMO, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i, v.v.). Ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 12.5 W cho Class A v\u00e0 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 W cho Class B. X\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb AIS g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u AIS \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng pin v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n:<\/b> Pin trong EPIRB, SART v\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m VHF c\u1ea7m tay b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m theo th\u1eddi gian. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong th\u1eddi gian y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0103ng-ten v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i:<\/b> C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c \u0103ng-ten b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt l\u00fd k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang. \u0110o VSWR c\u1ee7a \u0103ng-ten c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0103ng-ten v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/li>\n<li><b>Xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/b> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a IMO, SOLAS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/b> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u. Vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>3. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng MRTS-7M, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<p><b>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb <b>GMDSS<\/b> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u2014 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2014 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do.<\/p>\n<h4>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin, xin h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 : DT\/Zalo 097 800 1968<\/h4>\n<p>LINK<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imo.org\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IMO :<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vr.org.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VR:<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.classnk.or.jp\/hp\/en\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NK<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com\/marine\/ship-classification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BV<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ww2.eagle.org\/en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ABS<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccs.org.cn\/ccswzen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CCS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/?p=4502&amp;preview=true\">B\u00e0i li\u00ean quan<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/B7IJZCL4ovQ?si=iB_ZiusTLc50LuL8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/2bR12213-io?si=ybk3Gt5THcqDf00H\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng An to\u00e0n H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GMDSS) l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin an to\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GMDSS \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. V\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o GMDSS th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3? 1. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GMDSS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 suy gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd pin, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0103ng-ten ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t EPIRB (Phao ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n LED b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u00e1o nguy do l\u1ed7i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn VHF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3m, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi b\u00e1o nguy kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n. Tin nh\u1eafn DSC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00edch. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. 2. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GMDSS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o GMDSS lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u sau: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra GMDSS chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra GMDSS chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng DSC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u00ean t\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0 MRTS-7M, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb EPIRB, SART v\u00e0 AIS-SART, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn MF\/HF v\u00e0 VHF, NAVTEX, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p AIS, v.v. X\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn VHF, MF\/HF v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p AIS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec5u, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng DSC: X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn b\u00e1o nguy v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a DSC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn VHF v\u00e0 MF\/HF. Ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 MMSI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi DSC. Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t EPIRB v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 406 MHz, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 121.5 MHz, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c EPIRB hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, tin nh\u1eafn b\u00e1o nguy AIS. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng MMSI v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh. Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu NAVTEX: Ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 thu NAVTEX c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 490 kHz v\u00e0 518 kHz. X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc tr\u1ea1m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn (m\u00e3 B1 v\u00e0 B2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng AIS: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p AIS Class A ho\u1eb7c Class B truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (s\u1ed1 MMSI, s\u1ed1 IMO, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i, v.v.). Ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 12.5 W cho Class A v\u00e0 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 W cho Class B. X\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb AIS g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u AIS \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng pin v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n: Pin trong EPIRB, SART v\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m VHF c\u1ea7m tay b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m theo th\u1eddi gian. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong th\u1eddi gian y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0103ng-ten v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i: C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c \u0103ng-ten b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt l\u00fd k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang. \u0110o VSWR c\u1ee7a \u0103ng-ten c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0103ng-ten v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a IMO, SOLAS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u. Vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-update-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4529"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4529\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4682,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4529\/revisions\/4682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}