{"id":4500,"date":"2025-11-14T13:34:44","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T06:34:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/?p=4500"},"modified":"2025-11-14T13:34:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T06:34:44","slug":"nhan-dang-tu-dong-ais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/nhan-dang-tu-dong-ais\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (AIS) Tr\u00ean T\u00e0u Bi\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b> l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b> (Automatic Identification System &#8211; AIS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trang b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u l\u1edbn t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2002. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, AIS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t cao (VHF), truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u VHF (VHF Data Link &#8211; VDL) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb AIS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y v\u1ebd h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ba lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b>: li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u.<\/li>\n<li><b>Th\u00f4ng tin t\u0129nh<\/b>: bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean t\u00e0u, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>Th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i<\/b>: nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111ang h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh hay \u0111ang neo \u0111\u1eadu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb AIS n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t AIS th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi radar v\u00e0 ECDIS (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng tin). Khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi radar, AIS tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ed5 sung, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>AIS c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u00e1c phao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n hi\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd AIS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng &#8220;phao ti\u00eau \u1ea3o&#8221; (synthetic AIS AtoN) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phao ti\u00eau v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 AIS (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: AIS, ECDIS ho\u1eb7c radar). H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd AIS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng &#8220;phao ti\u00eau \u1ea3o&#8221; (virtual AIS AtoN) t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phao ti\u00eau v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System), nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 01 th\u00e1ng 01 n\u0103m 2010, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a AIS-SART (AIS Search and Rescue Transmitter) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p radar t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n (SART), AIS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t AIS tr\u00ean t\u00e0u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tin nh\u1eafn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn An to\u00e0n Ng\u1eafn (Short Safety-related Messaging &#8211; SSRM), nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i VHF.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/ais-map.jpg\" alt=\"AIS Map\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1m <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b> bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t VHF, hai b\u1ed9 thu VHF (AIS 1 v\u00e0 AIS 2), m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 thu VHF DSC (k\u00eanh 70), m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 thu H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb V\u1ec7 tinh To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (Global Navigation Satellite System &#8211; GNSS).<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 L\u1edbp c\u1ee7a <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i AIS tr\u00ean t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n: Lo\u1ea1i A v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i\u00a0 B. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i AIS kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd (Tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c AIS), phao ti\u00eau h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i AIS (AIS AtoN), AIS tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n AIS (AIS-SART).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>AIS Lo\u1ea1i A<\/b>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMO) b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trang b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng dung t\u00edch t\u1eeb 300 t\u1ea5n tr\u1edf l\u00ean tham gia c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng dung t\u00edch t\u1eeb 500 t\u1ea5n tr\u1edf l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tham gia c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch (h\u01a1n 12 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch) kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch c\u1ee1.<\/li>\n<li><b>AIS Lo\u1ea1i B<\/b>: Cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc SOLAS. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi IMO v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0u gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd AIS (AIS Base Station)<\/b>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd\/t\u1eeb b\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd AIS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<li><b>Phao ti\u00eau h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i AIS (AIS AtoN)<\/b>: AIS AtoN cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a phao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t VDL, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li><b>AIS-SART<\/b>: B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AIS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c b\u00e8 c\u1ee9u sinh, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng C\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 An to\u00e0n H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GMDSS).<\/li>\n<li><b>AIS tr\u00ean M\u00e1y bay T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm C\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n (SAR Aircraft)<\/b>: M\u00e1y bay t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AIS \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/ais-codes.jpg\" alt=\"AIS Codes\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u \u2013 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i, v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ven b\u1edd hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. AIS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111a truy c\u1eadp ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1eddi gian (TDMA) \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 VHF, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft D\u1eef li\u1ec7u VHF (VDL).<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho AIS: AIS 1 (161.975 MHz, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u00eanh 87B) v\u00e0 AIS 2 (162.025 MHz, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u00eanh 88B). M\u1ed7i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a VDL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2250 khe th\u1eddi gian l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i 60 gi\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb AIS g\u1eedi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khe n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb AIS trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c khe th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o AIS (ho\u1eb7c, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p AIS Lo\u1ea1i B, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb AIS). Tr\u1ea1m AIS sau \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn VHF \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb AIS kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c AIS n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n, t\u00e0u s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn. N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 25 lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn AIS \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c khe n\u00e0y. AIS lo\u1ea1i A s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (STDMA ho\u1eb7c SOTDMA), trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb AIS Lo\u1ea1i B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn s\u00f3ng mang (CSTDMA) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 SOTDMA. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c khe c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 FATDMA), trong khi AIS AtoN c\u00f3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FATDMA ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh truy c\u1eadp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 RATDMA, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i trong c\u00e1c khe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin th\u1eddi gian GNSS. M\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1m t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n (khe) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m AIS ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong 2250 khe th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed7i 60 gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t IMO cho AIS y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ede ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0u-\u0111\u1ed1i-t\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m;<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00e0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 VTS (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Giao th\u00f4ng T\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao th\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam trong Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9:\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201ct\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u201d &#8211; \u201cautonomous and continuous\u201d mode \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang\/t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thay th\u1ebf sau \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n;<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d- \u201cassigned\u201d mode \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t giao th\u00f4ng, sao cho kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c khe th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb xa b\u1edfi c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00f3; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201ctruy v\u1ea5n\u201d- \u201cpolling\u201d or controlled mode ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u00e0u;<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo d\u00f5i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/ais-operation.jpg\" alt=\"AIS Operation\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b> Lo\u1ea1i\u00a0 A tr\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>B\u1ed9 thu GNSS<\/b>: B\u1ed9 thu GNSS cung c\u1ea5p tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian cho tr\u1ea1m AIS \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u1ed9 thu\/ph\u00e1t VHF<\/b>: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t VHF v\u00e0 hai b\u1ed9 thu VHF cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng TDMA. VHF truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m AIS v\u1edbi nhau. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c khe th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn (26.76 ms) b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn VHF.<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u1ed9 thu DSC VHF<\/b>: B\u1ed9 thu DSC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o k\u00eanh 70 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00eanh cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh khu v\u1ef1c khu v\u1ef1c. B\u1ed9 thu DSC c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 DSC h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u0103m d\u00f2 DSC, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t VHF chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0102ng-ten VHF AIS<\/b>: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0103ng-ten \u0111a h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. \u0102ng-ten n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch xa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0 radar v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0103ng-ten kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t sao cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111a h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u suy hao t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/b>: B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m AIS. N\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khe th\u1eddi gian, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 thu, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c ph\u00edch c\u1eafm v\u00e0 \u1ed5 c\u1eafm giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i truy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (BIIT)<\/b>: BIIT li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ea1y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a AIS, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u00e0n ph\u00edm v\u00e0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (MKD) v\u00e0 r\u01a1le c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u201cho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. R\u01a1le c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i giao di\u1ec7n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/b>: \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, tr\u1ea1m AIS ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u00e0n ph\u00edm v\u00e0 M\u00e0n h\u00ecnh T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (MKD)<\/b>: M\u1ed9t m\u00e0n MKD l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m di \u0111\u1ed9ng L\u1edbp A: MKD c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sau:\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb;<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ba d\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng tin;<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua b\u00e0n ph\u00edm ch\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ed1;<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 t\u00ean; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 xem v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>MKD c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, m\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0129nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u0111a, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean t\u00e0u, ETA v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin t\u0129nh nh\u01b0:\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ed1 MMSI;<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 IMO (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3);<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u00ean;<\/li>\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng;<\/li>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0103ng-ten \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ean t\u00e0u (sau m\u0169i\/m\u1ea1n tr\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00e2m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n;<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n<p><b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i t\u00e0u. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin t\u0129nh ho\u1eb7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201ct\u0129nh\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cli\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u201d c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng tin trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Th\u00f4ng tin t\u0129nh<\/b>: M\u1ed7i 6 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:\n<ul>\n<li>MMSI;<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 IMO (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3);<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi &amp; t\u00ean;<\/li>\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng;<\/li>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0103ng-ten \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ean t\u00e0u (ph\u00eda sau m\u0169i\/m\u1ea1n tr\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00e2m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b>: Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u00e0u v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n;<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (t\u00ednh theo UTC);<\/li>\n<li>H\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (COG);<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (SOG);<\/li>\n<li>H\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i t\u00e0u;<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111ang neo \u0111\u1eadu, \u0111ang h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n, v.v. \u2013 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng); v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i<\/b>: M\u1ed7i 6 ph\u00fat, khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u;<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nguy hi\u1ec3m (lo\u1ea1i);<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ETA (theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng); v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Tin nh\u1eafn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n ng\u1eafn (SSRM)<\/b>;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/ais-data.jpg\" alt=\"AIS Data\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b> nh\u01b0 ECDIS, radar ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS L\u1edbp A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua Giao di\u1ec7n Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y AIS (PI). PI (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC li\u00ean quan (phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a IEC 61162). Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb AIS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng M\u00e0n h\u00ecnh B\u00e0n ph\u00edm T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (MKD) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t radar IMO s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i (Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft MSC.192(79) 2004 c\u1ee7a IMO), quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c radar m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u00e0u sau th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2008 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau AIS. Khi AIS s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean radar, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng tin (ECDIS), MKD kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng radar v\u00e0 ECDIS s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u AIS.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b> mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u1edd v\u00e0 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng &#8220;nh\u00ecn&#8221; xuy\u00ean v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n<\/b>: AIS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n VHF, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u1eb3ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c<\/b>: AIS cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i t\u00e0u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng radar ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/b>: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li><b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0u<\/b>: AIS cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ean\/d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi\/MMSI \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh DGPS<\/b>: Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t Tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c AIS qua VDL.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tin nh\u1eafn an to\u00e0n ng\u1eafn (SSRM)<\/b>: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn tin nh\u1eafn v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u1eafn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u t\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c tin nh\u1eafn t\u1eeb b\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy hi\u1ec3m). SSRM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m ri\u00eang l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tin nh\u1eafn n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t phao ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed). Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 162 k\u00fd t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho VDL. C\u1ea7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1eadn nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0u nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tin nh\u1eafn d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tin nh\u1eafn nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n)<\/b>: Cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t AIS tr\u00ean t\u00e0u (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ECDIS) ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb phao ti\u00eau AIS, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c AIS. Tin nh\u1eafn d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng AIS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2004, trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong SN\/Circ.236), b\u1ea3y tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y v\u0103n, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nguy hi\u1ec3m, lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e0u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau AIS (\u1ea3o). N\u0103m 2010, IMO \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf SN\/Circ.236 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2013 v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng SN.1\/Circ.289, c\u00f3 14 tin nh\u1eafn nh\u01b0 sau: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y v\u0103n, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean t\u00e0u, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau do VTS t\u1ea1o\/t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn, quan s\u00e1t th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb t\u00e0u, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o khu v\u1ef1c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00f4ng tin tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Trong m\u1ed7i tin nh\u1eafn n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/b>: Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1edfi t\u00e0u, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00e0 t\u0129nh.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/b>: AIS d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chung) v\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: GNSS; datum).<\/li>\n<li><b>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/b>: C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MKD kh\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u00e0 AIS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li><b>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec1u trang b\u1ecb AIS<\/b>: \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c SOLAS, v\u00e0 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn (t\u00f9y \u00fd l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng).<\/li>\n<li><b>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eaft AIS<\/b>: Theo ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a IMO, thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft AIS n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a con t\u00e0u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u1ea1m <b>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS<\/b>, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao th\u00f4ng t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n. \u1ede ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0u-\u0111\u1ed1i-t\u00e0u, AIS \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0u ven bi\u1ec3n, VTS v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0u g\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c AIS m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u00e0u. Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u AIS c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t giao th\u00f4ng, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a IMO v\u1ec1 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a AIS t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft A22\/ Res.917 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng IMO c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 8.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00e3y Li\u00ean H\u1ec7 Ngay!\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>V\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i qua hotline: 097. 800. 1968 ( \u0110T\/ZALO) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n !<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imo.org\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IMO :<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vr.org.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VR:<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.classnk.or.jp\/hp\/en\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NK<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com\/marine\/ship-classification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BV<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ww2.eagle.org\/en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ABS<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccs.org.cn\/ccswzen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CCS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/tieu-chuan-imo-ais-class-a-msc-7469-annex-3\/\">Quy chu\u1ea9n IMO v\u1ec1 AIS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/nsi-1000-specs\/\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/hoc-cau-truc-ais\/\">C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4d8TeFjycrE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec3m Waypoint v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=DNK6GXKpjSg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AIS NSI-1000 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/3iFOj10JixA?si=IVTciN25A2mc3LKp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full video h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 AIS NSI-1000<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/B7IJZCL4ovQ?si=iB_ZiusTLc50LuL8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/2bR12213-io?si=ybk3Gt5THcqDf00H\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/product\/nhan-dang-tu-dong-ais-nsi-1000\/\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? &nbsp; Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS (Automatic Identification System &#8211; AIS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trang b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u l\u1edbn t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2002. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, AIS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t cao (VHF), truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u VHF (VHF Data Link &#8211; VDL) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb AIS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y v\u1ebd h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ba lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh: Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed9ng: li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u. Th\u00f4ng tin t\u0129nh: bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean t\u00e0u, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng. Th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i: nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111ang h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh hay \u0111ang neo \u0111\u1eadu). Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb AIS n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t AIS th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi radar v\u00e0 ECDIS (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng tin). Khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi radar, AIS tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ed5 sung, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. AIS c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u00e1c phao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n hi\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd AIS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng &#8220;phao ti\u00eau \u1ea3o&#8221; (synthetic AIS AtoN) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phao ti\u00eau v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 AIS (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: AIS, ECDIS ho\u1eb7c radar). H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd AIS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng &#8220;phao ti\u00eau \u1ea3o&#8221; (virtual AIS AtoN) t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phao ti\u00eau v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System), nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 01 th\u00e1ng 01 n\u0103m 2010, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a AIS-SART (AIS Search and Rescue Transmitter) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p radar t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n (SART), AIS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t AIS tr\u00ean t\u00e0u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tin nh\u1eafn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn An to\u00e0n Ng\u1eafn (Short Safety-related Messaging &#8211; SSRM), nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i VHF. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng M\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1m Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t VHF, hai b\u1ed9 thu VHF (AIS 1 v\u00e0 AIS 2), m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 thu VHF DSC (k\u00eanh 70), m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 thu H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb V\u1ec7 tinh To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (Global Navigation Satellite System &#8211; GNSS). C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 L\u1edbp c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS &nbsp; C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i AIS tr\u00ean t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n: Lo\u1ea1i A v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i\u00a0 B. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i AIS kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd (Tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c AIS), phao ti\u00eau h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i AIS (AIS AtoN), AIS tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n AIS (AIS-SART). AIS Lo\u1ea1i A: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMO) b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trang b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng dung t\u00edch t\u1eeb 300 t\u1ea5n tr\u1edf l\u00ean tham gia c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng dung t\u00edch t\u1eeb 500 t\u1ea5n tr\u1edf l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tham gia c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch (h\u01a1n 12 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch) kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch c\u1ee1. AIS Lo\u1ea1i B: Cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc SOLAS. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi IMO v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0u gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd AIS (AIS Base Station): \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd\/t\u1eeb b\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd AIS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. Phao ti\u00eau h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i AIS (AIS AtoN): AIS AtoN cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a phao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t VDL, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. AIS-SART: B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AIS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c b\u00e8 c\u1ee9u sinh, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng C\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 An to\u00e0n H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GMDSS). AIS tr\u00ean M\u00e1y bay T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm C\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n (SAR Aircraft): M\u00e1y bay t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AIS \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng AIS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u \u2013 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i, v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ven b\u1edd hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. AIS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111a truy c\u1eadp ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1eddi gian (TDMA) \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-update-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4500"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4676,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4500\/revisions\/4676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}