{"id":4489,"date":"2025-07-25T13:39:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T06:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/?p=4489"},"modified":"2025-07-25T22:44:48","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T15:44:48","slug":"tong-quan-epirb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/tong-quan-epirb\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan EPIRB \u2013 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb An to\u00e0n Kh\u1ea9n C\u1ea5p cho T\u00e0u c\u1ee7a B\u1ea1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>T\u1ed5ng quan EPIRB \u2013 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb An to\u00e0n C\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch cho T\u00e0u c\u1ee7a B\u1ea1n<\/b><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>EPIRB l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>An to\u00e0n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t gi\u00fap t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 &#8220;c\u1ee9u tinh&#8221; khi t\u00e0u g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 <b>EPIRB<\/b>.\u00a0 <b><span class=\"citation-1149\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1149 citation-end-1149\"> (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i phao v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u<\/span>. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9&#8221; t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i con t\u00e0u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/epirb_elt_plb.jpeg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" \/><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span class=\"citation-1148\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1148 citation-end-1148\">: D\u00e0nh cho t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1147 citation-end-1147\">ELT (Emergency Locator Transmitter): D\u00e0nh cho m\u00e1y bay<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1146 citation-end-1146\">PLB (Personal Locator Beacon): D\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1145\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u2013 EPIRB, ELT v\u00e0 PLB \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1145\">406 MHz<\/span><\/b>. <span class=\"citation-1144 citation-end-1144\">T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1143 citation-end-1143\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn 121.5 MHz<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1142 citation-end-1142\">T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p 121.5 MHz n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf g\u1ea7n, trong ph\u1ea1m vi 10 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/epirb_sea.jpg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"814\" height=\"458\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><b>EPIRB 406 MHz ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><span class=\"citation-1141\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1141 citation-end-1141\"> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 406 MHz <\/span><span class=\"citation-1140 citation-end-1140\">c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1139 citation-end-1139\">Sau khi k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 48 gi\u1edd<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1138\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1138\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1138 citation-end-1138\"> 406 MHz c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u 406 MHz kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1137 citation-end-1137\">Lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1136 citation-end-1136\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><b><span class=\"citation-1135\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1135 citation-end-1135\"> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GMDSS) <\/span><span class=\"citation-1134 citation-end-1134\">, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Cospas-Sarsat<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/GMDSS_CS.jpg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"756\" height=\"291\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b> <span class=\"citation-1133 citation-end-1133\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1132 citation-end-1132\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n (SAR)<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1131 citation-end-1131\">N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, Cospas-Sarsat th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng &#8220;t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm&#8221; trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8220;t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n&#8221;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb <b>EPIRB<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat s\u1ebd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1130 citation-end-1130\">Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 thu GNSS)<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1129 citation-end-1129\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ngay c\u1ea3 khi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1128\">\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1128\">mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1128 citation-end-1128\"> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1127 citation-end-1127\">Cospas-Sarsat s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/leosar_geosar_meosar.jpeg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1126\">C\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1126\">ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch Doppler<\/span><\/b>. <span class=\"citation-1125 citation-end-1125\">\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2 km<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1124\">C\u00e1c <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1124\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1124 citation-end-1124\"> 406 MHz &#8220;th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&#8221; ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1123 citation-end-1123\">Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1122 citation-end-1122\">C\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1121 citation-end-1121\">\u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb GNSS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i EPIRB hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><b>GNSS\/GPS EPIRB:<\/b> <span class=\"citation-1120\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1120\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1120 citation-end-1120\"> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 thu GNSS <\/span><span class=\"citation-1119 citation-end-1119\">\u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb V\u1ec7 tinh To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (Global Navigation Satellite Systems)<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1118 citation-end-1118\">B\u1ed9 thu GNSS cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec7 tinh 406 MHz<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1117\">Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1117\">GNSS\/GPS EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1117\"> l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1117\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1117 citation-end-1117\"> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1116\">Nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1116\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1116 citation-end-1116\"> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10m <\/span><span class=\"citation-1115 citation-end-1115\">, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>AIS EPIRB:<\/b> <span class=\"citation-1114\">C\u00e1c <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1114\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1114 citation-end-1114\"> m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t AIS<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><b><span class=\"citation-1113\">AIS EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1113\"> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1113\">GNSS\/GPS EPIRB<\/span><\/b>. <span class=\"citation-1112\">M\u1ed7i\u00a0 <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1112\">AIS EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1112 citation-end-1112\"> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 thu GNSS t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1111\">Khi m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1111\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1111 citation-end-1111\"> c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng AIS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u AIS s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p AIS<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1110 citation-end-1110\">C\u00e1c t\u00e0u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1109 citation-end-1109\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GNSS<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1108 citation-end-1108\">Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra nhanh h\u01a1n: c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb b\u1edd<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1107\">Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1107\">AIS EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1107 citation-end-1107\"> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/epirb_scheme.jpeg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"773\" height=\"385\" \/><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi cho EPIRB tr\u00ean t\u00e0u SOLAS:<\/b> <span class=\"citation-1106 citation-end-1106\">Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh MSC.471(101) c\u1ee7a IMO <\/span><span class=\"citation-1105\">, m\u1ecdi\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1105\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1105 citation-end-1105\"> t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i (float-free) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u00e0u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2022 tr\u1edf \u0111i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 AIS n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, k\u00eanh 406 MHz v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 thu GNSS <\/span><span class=\"citation-1104 citation-end-1104\">, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t 121.5 MHz<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1103\">N\u1ebfu\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1103\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1103 citation-end-1103\"> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi n\u00f3i tr\u00ean<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><b>EPIRB c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng RLS (Return Link Service):<\/b> <span class=\"citation-1102\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1102\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1102 citation-end-1102\"> m\u1edbi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb t\u00ednh n\u0103ng D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i Li\u00ean k\u1ebft (RLS &#8211; Return Link Service) c\u1ee7a Galileo<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1101 citation-end-1101\">C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn RLS (hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb) s\u1ebd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng r\u1eb1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/Galileo_RLS.jpeg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"762\" height=\"511\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><b>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat:<\/b> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t <b>ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng gian<\/b> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <b>c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t<\/b>, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1100 citation-end-1100\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u 406 MHz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb SAR l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1099 citation-end-1099\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh &#8211; SARR (b\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u SAR) v\u00e0 SARP (b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u SAR); ch\u00fang x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1m m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1098 citation-end-1098\">LUTs (local user terminals) &#8211; c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m thu m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1097 citation-end-1097\">MCCs (mission control centers) &#8211; c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra do LUTs t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1096 citation-end-1096\">RCCs (rescue coordination centers) &#8211; c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/CS_system.jpg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"983\" height=\"738\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec7 tinh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1095\">C\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh trong qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p (800-900 km) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1095\">LEOSAR<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1095 citation-end-1095\"> (Low Earth Orbit Search And Rescue)<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1094\">C\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh trong qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba t\u0129nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 36.000 km t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1094\">GEOSAR<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1094 citation-end-1094\"> (Geostationary Earth Orbit Search And Rescue)<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1093 citation-end-1093\">Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn &#8211; c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p SAR \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) quay quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb 19 \u0111\u1ebfn 23 ngh\u00ecn km, bao g\u1ed3m: GPS (Hoa K\u1ef3), Galileo (Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u) v\u00e0 GLONASS (Nga)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1092\">C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng gian Cospas-Sarsat m\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span class=\"citation-1092\">MEOSAR<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1092 citation-end-1092\"> (Medium Earth Orbit Search And Rescue)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/CS_distances.jpeg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1091 citation-end-1091\">M\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1090 citation-end-1090\">Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1089 citation-end-1089\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh GEOSAR c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u1edf xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh LEOSAR v\u00e0 MEOSAR, n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/footprints.jpg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"861\" height=\"321\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p>Theo C\/S G.003 &#8211; GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U V\u1ec0 H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG COSPAS-SARSAT, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1088 citation-end-1088\">Ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1087 citation-end-1087\">K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1086 citation-end-1086\">C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1085 citation-end-1085\">\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1084 citation-end-1084\">Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng gian thu\u1ed9c Cospas-Sarsat \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/GEOSAR_coverage.jpeg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"702\" height=\"352\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1083 citation-end-1083\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GEOSAR cung c\u1ea5p v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb 406 MHz \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 75\u00b0 Nam v\u00e0 75\u00b0 B\u1eafc, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1082 citation-end-1082\">Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng quanh c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba t\u0129nh<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1081 citation-end-1081\">C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00e1c (LEOSAR ho\u1eb7c MEOSAR) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1080 citation-end-1080\">V\u1ec1 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn RCC ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong v\u00f2ng 15 ph\u00fat sau khi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1079 citation-end-1079\">C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GEOSAR v\u00e0 MEOSAR \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y (cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1078 citation-end-1078\">M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng LEOSAR l\u00e0 LEOLUT thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 tinh bay qua LUT &#8211; chu k\u1ef3 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100 ph\u00fat<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1077 citation-end-1077\">Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn MCC \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1076 citation-end-1076\">M\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1075 citation-end-1075\">C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng LEOSAR (x\u1eed l\u00fd Doppler) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MEOSAR (k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt FDOA (frequency difference of arrival) v\u00e0 TDOA (time difference of arrival)) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1074 citation-end-1074\">B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh GEO kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 thu GNSS b\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1073 citation-end-1073\">Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MEOSAR bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng LEOSAR v\u00e0 GEOSAR<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1072 citation-end-1072\">\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1071 citation-end-1071\">Khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec7 tinh cao (s\u1ebd c\u00f3 72 v\u1ec7 tinh), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1070 citation-end-1070\">Nhi\u1ec1u sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1069 citation-end-1069\">Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh &#8211; LEOSAR, GEOSAR v\u00e0 MEOSAR &#8211; s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai; c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/meo_geo_leo_experiment.jpeg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"916\" height=\"945\" \/><\/div>\n<p><b>C\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 EPIRB c\u1ee7a Cospas-Sarsat:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1068\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng LEOSAR th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1068\">thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (FGB)<\/span><\/b>. <span class=\"citation-1067 citation-end-1067\">Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GEOSAR<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1066\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh Cospas-Sarsat th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, MEOSAR, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1066\">thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai (SGB)<\/span><\/b>. <span class=\"citation-1065 citation-end-1065\">Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GEOSAR<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1064 citation-end-1064\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai (SGB) s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1063 citation-end-1063\">Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, Cospas-Sarsat s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng gian MEO\/GEO<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1062 citation-end-1062\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MEOSAR s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng LEOSAR v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Cospas-Sarsat<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1061 citation-end-1061\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/geo_leo_meo.jpeg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"939\" height=\"530\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><b>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i EPIRB v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><span class=\"citation-1060\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1060 citation-end-1060\"> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span class=\"citation-1059\">Lo\u1ea1i I (K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng):<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1059\"> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1059\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1059 citation-end-1059\"> t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i (float-free) 406\/121.5 MHz, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c GMDSS c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span class=\"citation-1058\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1058 citation-end-1058\"> t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi t\u00e0u v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu t\u00e0u b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1057 citation-end-1057\">N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1056 citation-end-1056\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh (HRU)<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1055\">Vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t khi <\/span>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><b><span class=\"citation-1055\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1055 citation-end-1055\"> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1054\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng <\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><b><span class=\"citation-1054\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1054 citation-end-1054\"> \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u n\u01b0\u1edbc 1.5-4 m\u00e9t<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1053\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, <\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><b><span class=\"citation-1053\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1053 citation-end-1053\"> s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span class=\"citation-1052\">EPIRB Lo\u1ea1i I<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1052 citation-end-1052\"> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cabin c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 &#8220;t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i&#8221; kh\u1ecfi t\u00e0u khi b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/epirb_categ.jpg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"778\" height=\"797\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span class=\"citation-1051\">Lo\u1ea1i II (K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng):<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1051\"> Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1051\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1051\"> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng tay, ho\u1eb7c <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1051\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1051 citation-end-1051\"> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i 406\/121.5 MHz<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1050\">C\u00e1c <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1050\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1050 citation-end-1050\"> n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span class=\"citation-1049\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1049 citation-end-1049\"> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean t\u00e0u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1048\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1048\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1048 citation-end-1048\"> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 3 c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho <b>EPIRB<\/b> 406 MHz:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1047 citation-end-1047\">C\u1ea5p 0: -55\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn +70\u00b0C<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1046 citation-end-1046\">C\u1ea5p 1: -40\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn +55\u00b0C<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1045 citation-end-1045\">C\u1ea5p 2: -20\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn +55\u00b0C<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>M\u00e3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng (HEX ID) v\u00e0 \u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd EPIRB:<\/b> <span class=\"citation-1044\">T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMO) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trang b\u1ecb\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1044\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1044 citation-end-1044\"> tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0u tham gia c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1043 citation-end-1043\">Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1042 citation-end-1042\">Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a IMO v\u00e0 ICAO, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean 406 MHz \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1041\">M\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb 406 MHz c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1041\">s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t (UIN)<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1041 citation-end-1041\"> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1040 citation-end-1040\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n (HEX ID) g\u1ed3m 15 k\u00fd t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1039 citation-end-1039\">N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p>Sau khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, m\u00e3 HEX ID n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ai. <span class=\"citation-1038 citation-end-1038\">T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/epirb_hexid.jpeg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1037 citation-end-1037\">Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00ean bi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t (v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1036\">M\u00e3 HEX ID cho bi\u1ebft con t\u00e0u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1036\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/UIN_epirb.jpg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"821\" height=\"294\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1035\">C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m LUT (local user terminals) \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t\u00a0 <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1035\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1035 citation-end-1035\"> 406 MHz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0u g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1034 citation-end-1034\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u1edbn cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i Trung t\u00e2m \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i C\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (MRCC) qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u, nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean, v.v.<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1033\">\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1033\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1033 citation-end-1033\">, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1032 citation-end-1032\">Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft MSC.514(105) c\u1ee7a IMO V\u1ec0 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN TR\u00c1NH C\u1ea2NH B\u00c1O C\u1ea4P C\u1ee8U SAI (thay th\u1ebf ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft A.814(19), k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2024) tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00eau r\u00f5 quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y: <span class=\"citation-1031\">\u201cC\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, t\u00f9y theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng\u2026 c\u00e1c m\u00e3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1031\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1031\">, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean SAR s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp 24 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan SAR (thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1031\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1031 citation-end-1031\"> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 SAR x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p)&#8230;\u201d<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1030\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua\u00a0 <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1030\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1030 citation-end-1030\"> 406 MHz \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, Cospas-Sarsat \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb 406 MHz qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. <span class=\"citation-1029 citation-end-1029\">N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2006<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/IBRD.jpg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"847\" height=\"406\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><b>K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t EPIRB ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n:<\/b> <span class=\"citation-1028\">H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c\u00a0 <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1028\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1028 citation-end-1028\"> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t do tai n\u1ea1n<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1027 citation-end-1027\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb 406 MHz c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat GEOSAR ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho m\u1ed9t RCC<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1026 citation-end-1026\">C\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u gi\u1ea3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t ch\u00fang b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1025\">N\u1ebfu v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0\u00a0 <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1025\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1025 citation-end-1025\"> b\u1ecb k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, t\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c RCC v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1024 citation-end-1024\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0u v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean khi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf n\u00f3<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1023 citation-end-1023\">N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy t\u1ed1<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gmdsstesters.com\/images\/radio-survey\/epirbs\/false_alert.jpg\" alt=\"EPIRBs\" width=\"913\" height=\"609\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"citation-1022 citation-end-1022\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin trong Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft IMO A.814 (19) H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN TR\u00c1NH C\u1ea2NH B\u00c1O C\u1ea4P C\u1ee8U SAI (s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft IMO MSC.514(105) H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN TR\u00c1NH C\u1ea2NH B\u00c1O C\u1ea4P C\u1ee8U SAI, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2024)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra EPIRB:\u00a0<\/b><b><span class=\"citation-1021\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1021 citation-end-1021\">, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GMDSS, ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1020 citation-end-1020\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span class=\"citation-1019\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra (self-test)<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1019\"> c\u1ee7a <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1019\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1019 citation-end-1019\"> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1018 citation-end-1018\">Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y do s\u1ef9 quan v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn GMDSS c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1017 citation-end-1017\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 thu GPS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, pin c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n nh\u00e1y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1016 citation-end-1016\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1015 citation-end-1015\">C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u00e0y h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a pin v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a HRU (hydrostatic release unit \u2013 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh), ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span class=\"citation-1014\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1014 citation-end-1014\"> c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ea1i b\u1edd<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1013 citation-end-1013\">Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh GMDSS<\/span>.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1012 citation-end-1012\">C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra do c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u2013 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u2013 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. <span class=\"citation-1011\">Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a <\/span><b><span class=\"citation-1011\">EPIRB<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-1011 citation-end-1011\"> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra GMDSS chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan Epirb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<h3>C\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin, xin li\u00ean h\u1ec7: <strong>097 800 1968 ( \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i\/Zalo)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Link<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imo.org\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IMO :<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vr.org.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VR:<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.classnk.or.jp\/hp\/en\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NK<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com\/marine\/ship-classification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BV<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ww2.eagle.org\/en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ABS<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccs.org.cn\/ccswzen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CCS<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/tieu-chuan-ais-epirb-msc-471101\/\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EPIRB<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/product\/products-neb-2000\/\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m EPIRB n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/tieu-chi-chon-epirb\/\">T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn EPIRB<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/epirb-la\/\">EPIRB l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/bo-phan-ais-epirb\/\">B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn AIS Epirb<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/lich-su-epirb\/\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed EPIRB<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/huong-dan-lua-chon-ais-epirb\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn EPIRB<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/ais-epirb-khac-epirb\/\">AIS EPIRB kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi EPIRB th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o ?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BgZjVtpMF_s?si=fG_DODul1vOa4GI1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video clip Unbox S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1NWFNWpP19k?si=F8G4SLrpS9M0VwCs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video\u00a0<span class=\"gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata\" title=\"Annual Performance Test EPIRB NSR NEB-2000 menggunakan Futronik Tester MK2\">Annual Performance Test EPIRB NSR NEB-2000 menggunakan Futronik\u00a0Tester MK2<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jAWTslsNKwM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video v\u1ec1 SP \u1edf tr\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/product\/epirb-neb-2000\/\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u00a0<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ed5ng quan EPIRB \u2013 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb An to\u00e0n C\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch cho T\u00e0u c\u1ee7a B\u1ea1n &nbsp; EPIRB l\u00e0 g\u00ec? An to\u00e0n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t gi\u00fap t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 &#8220;c\u1ee9u tinh&#8221; khi t\u00e0u g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 EPIRB.\u00a0 EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i phao v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9&#8221; t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i con t\u00e0u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m: EPIRB: D\u00e0nh cho t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. ELT (Emergency Locator Transmitter): D\u00e0nh cho m\u00e1y bay. PLB (Personal Locator Beacon): D\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u2013 EPIRB, ELT v\u00e0 PLB \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1\u00a0406 MHz. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn 121.5 MHz. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p 121.5 MHz n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf g\u1ea7n, trong ph\u1ea1m vi 10 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. EPIRB 406 MHz ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao? &nbsp; EPIRB l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 406 MHz c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n. Sau khi k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 48 gi\u1edd. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0EPIRB 406 MHz c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u 406 MHz kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n. EPIRB l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GMDSS) , \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Cospas-Sarsat. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n (SAR). N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, Cospas-Sarsat th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng &#8220;t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm&#8221; trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8220;t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n&#8221;. Khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb EPIRB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cospas-Sarsat s\u1ebd: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 thu GNSS). Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ngay c\u1ea3 khi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Cospas-Sarsat s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. &nbsp; C\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch Doppler. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2 km. C\u00e1c EPIRB 406 MHz &#8220;th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&#8221; ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9. C\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb GNSS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i EPIRB hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: GNSS\/GPS EPIRB: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c EPIRB hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 thu GNSS \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb V\u1ec7 tinh To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (Global Navigation Satellite Systems). B\u1ed9 thu GNSS cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec7 tinh 406 MHz. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, GNSS\/GPS EPIRB l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a EPIRB truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a EPIRB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10m , gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. AIS EPIRB: C\u00e1c EPIRB m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t AIS. AIS EPIRB n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi GNSS\/GPS EPIRB. M\u1ed7i\u00a0 AIS EPIRB \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 thu GNSS t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n. Khi m\u1ed9t\u00a0EPIRB c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng AIS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u AIS s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p AIS. C\u00e1c t\u00e0u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GNSS. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra nhanh h\u01a1n: c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb b\u1edd. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0AIS EPIRB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-update-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4489"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4699,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4489\/revisions\/4699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}