{"id":3553,"date":"2025-03-01T23:35:33","date_gmt":"2025-03-01T16:35:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/?p=3553"},"modified":"2025-03-11T22:38:08","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T15:38:08","slug":"vhf-hang-hai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/vhf-hang-hai\/","title":{"rendered":"{Edu} VHF H\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\" data-spm-anchor-id=\"5aebb161.2ef5001f.0.i100.14b05171nGzw27\">VHF<\/h1>\n<p data-spm-anchor-id=\"5aebb161.2ef5001f.0.i101.14b05171nGzw27\"><strong>VHF h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/strong> (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a <strong>Very High Frequency &#8211; Maritime <\/strong>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u1edbi nhau ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa t\u00e0u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 VHF ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong d\u1ea3i t\u1eeb <strong>156 MHz \u0111\u1ebfn 174 MHz <\/strong>, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong ph\u1ea1m vi ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 thu.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb <strong>20-30 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd <\/strong>t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a \u0103ng-ten v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: K\u00eanh 16, K\u00eanh 70), m\u1ed7i k\u00eanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c <strong>FM (Frequency Modulation) <\/strong>, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (line-of-sight).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3554\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3554\" style=\"width: 430px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3554 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1695806622855629.png\" alt=\"VHF h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i\" width=\"430\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1695806622855629.png 430w, https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1695806622855629-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3554\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">VHF h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a VHF h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>K\u00eanh 16 (156.8 MHz) <\/strong>l\u00e0 k\u00eanh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li>Thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VHF \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u SOS ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e0u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u00e0u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VHF \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DSC (Digital Selective Calling):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>VHF t\u00edch h\u1ee3p DSC cho ph\u00e9p g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp li\u00ean l\u1ea1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00f4ng tin an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VHF \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>C\u00e1c k\u00eanh VHF h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"relative w-full group\">\n<div class=\"scrollbar-hidden relative whitespace-nowrap overflow-x-auto max-w-full rounded-lg\">\n<table class=\"table-auto w-full text-sm text-left text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 max-w-full rounded-xl\">\n<thead class=\"text-xs text-gray-700 uppercase bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-850 dark:text-gray-400 border-none\">\n<tr class=\"\">\n<th class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 cursor-pointer select-none border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\" scope=\"col\">\n<div class=\"flex gap-1.5 items-center\"><strong>K\u00eanh<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 cursor-pointer select-none border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\" scope=\"col\">\n<div class=\"flex gap-1.5 items-center\"><strong>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (MHz)<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 cursor-pointer select-none border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\" scope=\"col\">\n<div class=\"flex gap-1.5 items-center\"><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 dark:border-gray-850 text-xs\">\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\"><strong>16<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">156.800<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">Kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi li\u00ean l\u1ea1c<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 dark:border-gray-850 text-xs\">\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\"><strong>70<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">156.525<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">DSC (Digital Selective Calling)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 dark:border-gray-850 text-xs\">\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">156.300<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa t\u00e0u v\u1edbi t\u00e0u<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 dark:border-gray-850 text-xs\">\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\"><strong>13<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">156.650<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 dark:border-gray-850 text-xs\">\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\"><strong>72-77<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">156.375\u2013156.900<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (t\u00e0u nh\u1ecf, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i :<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh t\u1ed1t:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u00edt nhi\u1ec5u trong ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u1ea3 t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1eabn t\u00e0u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Theo C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc SOLAS, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0u kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t VHF \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 HF ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec7 tinh), VHF c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a VHF H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 <strong>20-30 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd <\/strong>. Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>VHF kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HF ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec7 tinh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u1ebfu t\u00e0u m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n pin d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>So s\u00e1nh VHF h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"relative w-full group\">\n<div class=\"scrollbar-hidden relative whitespace-nowrap overflow-x-auto max-w-full rounded-lg\">\n<table class=\"table-auto w-full text-sm text-left text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 max-w-full rounded-xl\">\n<thead class=\"text-xs text-gray-700 uppercase bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-850 dark:text-gray-400 border-none\">\n<tr class=\"\">\n<th class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 cursor-pointer select-none border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\" scope=\"col\">\n<div class=\"flex gap-1.5 items-center\"><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 cursor-pointer select-none border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\" scope=\"col\">\n<div class=\"flex gap-1.5 items-center\"><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 cursor-pointer select-none border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\" scope=\"col\">\n<div class=\"flex gap-1.5 items-center\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 cursor-pointer select-none border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\" scope=\"col\">\n<div class=\"flex gap-1.5 items-center\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 dark:border-gray-850 text-xs\">\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\"><strong>VHF<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">Ng\u1eafn (20-30 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\u00c2m thanh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">Ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 dark:border-gray-850 text-xs\">\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\"><strong>MF\/HF<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn xa<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">Ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng r\u1ed9ng, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c t\u1ea7m xa<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh k\u00e9m h\u01a1n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 dark:border-gray-850 text-xs\">\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\"><strong>V\u1ec7 tinh<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">Ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"!px-2 !py-1.5 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white w-max border border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-850\">\n<div class=\"flex\">Chi ph\u00ed cao<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u00e0u duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean l\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi ng\u1eafn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h4>Hi v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 VHF h\u00e0ng h\u00e3i, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 097 800 1968 (\u0110T\/ZALO) !<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imo.org\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IMO :<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vr.org.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VR:<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.classnk.or.jp\/hp\/en\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NK<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com\/marine\/ship-classification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BV<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ww2.eagle.org\/en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ABS<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccs.org.cn\/ccswzen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CCS<\/a><\/p>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/product\/may-thu-phat-mf-hf\/\">Link s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m MF\/HF<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/product\/may-bo-dam-tram-hang-hai\/\">Link s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m VHF 1<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/product\/may-vhf-dsc-class-d\/\">Link s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m class D<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"scrollbar-hidden relative whitespace-nowrap overflow-x-auto max-w-full rounded-lg\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>VHF VHF h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Very High Frequency &#8211; Maritime ) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u1edbi nhau ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa t\u00e0u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 VHF ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong d\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 156 MHz \u0111\u1ebfn 174 MHz , cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong ph\u1ea1m vi ng\u1eafn. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: Truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn: B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 thu. C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb 20-30 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a \u0103ng-ten v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Ph\u00e2n k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c: D\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: K\u00eanh 16, K\u00eanh 70), m\u1ed7i k\u00eanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin an to\u00e0n. T\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng: B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c FM (Frequency Modulation) , \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (line-of-sight). \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a VHF h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i: Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p: K\u00eanh 16 (156.8 MHz) l\u00e0 k\u00eanh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n. Thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VHF \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u SOS ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e0u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd. Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7: C\u00e1c t\u00e0u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VHF \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DSC (Digital Selective Calling): VHF t\u00edch h\u1ee3p DSC cho ph\u00e9p g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp li\u00ean l\u1ea1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i. Th\u00f4ng tin an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i: C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VHF \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c k\u00eanh VHF h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i: K\u00eanh T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (MHz) M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 16 156.800 Kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi li\u00ean l\u1ea1c 70 156.525 DSC (Digital Selective Calling) 6 156.300 Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa t\u00e0u v\u1edbi t\u00e0u 13 156.650 \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i 72-77 156.375\u2013156.900 Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (t\u00e0u nh\u1ecf, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed) \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i : Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh t\u1ed1t: B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u00edt nhi\u1ec5u trong ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u1ea3 t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1eabn t\u00e0u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: Theo C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc SOLAS, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0u kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t VHF \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n. Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p: So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 HF ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec7 tinh), VHF c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a VHF H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i: Ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 20-30 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd . Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: VHF kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HF ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec7 tinh. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n: N\u1ebfu t\u00e0u m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n pin d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. So s\u00e1nh VHF h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m vi \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m VHF Ng\u1eafn (20-30 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd) \u00c2m thanh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n MF\/HF Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn xa Ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng r\u1ed9ng, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c t\u1ea7m xa Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh k\u00e9m h\u01a1n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p V\u1ec7 tinh To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u Ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p Chi ph\u00ed cao B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u00e0u duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean l\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi ng\u1eafn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Hi v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 VHF h\u00e0ng h\u00e3i, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 097 800 1968 (\u0110T\/ZALO) ! &nbsp; IMO : VR: NK BV ABS CCS Link s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m MF\/HF Link s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m VHF 1 Link s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m class D &nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-update-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3553"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3587,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3553\/revisions\/3587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanhanghai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}